Systemic Circulation
The left side of the heart pumps blood throughout the body. The left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood into the aorta. The aorta branches into many arteries that travel to organs. The arteries branch into many arterioles in tissue. The arterioles branch into thin-walled capillaries for exchange of gases and nutrients. Deoxygenated blood begins its […]
The heart pumps over 1 million gallons of blood per year. It contains over 60,000 miles of blood vessels. There are three layer of the heart wall; epicardium, myocardium, endocardium, The epicardium is a visceral layer of serous pericardium. The myocardium is a cardiac muscle layer and is the bulk of the heart. The endocardium […]
There are two fluids that service the cells of the body; blood and interstitial fluid. Blood is composed of plasma and a variety of cells. It transports nutrients and wastes. Interstitial fluid bathes the cells of the body. Nutrients and oxygen diffuse from the blood and the interstitial fluid and then into the cells. Wastes […]
Postural control is the ability to maintain upright position in the field of gravity and the ability to maintain the total body center of mass within the base of support. The body’s base of support is when limited areas permit frequent excursion outside the limits of stability. The force associated with limb movement is sufficient […]
Locomotion is the motor activity which results in translation of the total body center of mass, defined by rhythmicity. Locomotion has two philosophical approaches; the dynamic approach and motor programming. The dynamic approach influences the peripheral sensory information and mechanics. It has rhythmic neural output resulting from non-rhythmic sensory input. It is also known as non-linear […]
Purposeful human movement is governed by interrelated feedforward and feedback control loops. A feedforward loop is an open loop in the Central Nervous System that provides output independent of sensory input or movement outcomes. There must be knowledge of the system and the surroundings. A feedback loop is a closed loop where sensory input is […]
Did you ever wonder why or how your body makes certain movements? How you adapt to the world around you? How you can think about walking and then your legs just start doing the motions? How your heart beats without you telling it to do so? Interesting huh?
It all boils down to information processing. There […]
I know you are just dying to know how a skeletal muscle contracts. So here goes…
First, an action potential (AP) reaches the axon terminal in a nerve. Then the voltage gated calcium channels open and there is an influx of calcium. The calcium causes Acetylcholine (ACh) to release into the synaptic cleft. Acetylcholine crosses the […]
There are three types of muscle tissue; skeletal, cardiac and smooth. These tissues have six characteristics:
Excitability-the ability to respond to stimuli and produce electrical signals.
Contractility-the ability to shorten and generate force once excited.
Extensibility-the ability to stretch without damaging the tissue.
Elasticity-the ability to return to normal length after being extended.
Thermal-the ability to produce heat.
I will mostly […]
In your body, you need to regulate your blood glucose level. This is regulated by two hormones, insulin and glucagon. They are secreted by the endocrine pancreas. Insulin is secreted by the beta cells while glucagon is secreted by the alpha cells. Insulin promotes glucose uptake from blood which decreases blood glucose. Another role is […]
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