My little baby Matthew is going to the doctor on Wednesday. He missed his last appointment with the move so we are going to catch up. He hasn’t been weighed in 4 months. Hmmm..can you guess how much he will weigh? If you are one of the lucky ones who has held him recently, you know he is solid. I am soooooo curious. Ok, now comment with a guess.
Hi again. Did you think we would ever come back to the blog? Of course silly.
Well, here we are living in Maryland. It feels like it took forever to get here. I guess it didn’t really take THAT long. We like it here in Germantown. Steve is close to work and I discover something new every day. Yes, yes, go ahead and joke about Home Depot.
So far I have taken James to the Little Gym, the public library, the walking path, the local mall, the county fair…and probably more. Matt comes too but he just gets to sit and watch. Keeping a two year old busy isn’t easy.
We will try to write more. We’re still getting everything organized, so be patient. Until next time!!
I took the boys to the park again the other day. As I went to sit down on the bench I noticed something in the sand. It was the head to an action figure. The first thing that came to my mind was that it was a choking hazard. So I picked it up and looked around for a garbage. Then, I noticed something weird about the head. It eerily resembled one of my siblings. I kept staring at the head and just kept laughing. It was really weird. Here is a picture of it.
I can’t think of an action figure out there that could possibly look like “you know who.” What do you think?
OK, on to my new class, Exercise Physiology. I am relieved I made it through Physiology. It was a lot of information in a short amount of time. Now I get to apply that knowledge to exercise. Wooo…whooo!! It is starting to make sense now. 
For those of you who like to learn with me…you will enjoy these more than the last posts. If you wonder how you use your energy..read on.
We have three energy systems; the phosphagen system, the lactic acid system and the oxygen system.
The Phosphagen System
This system is also called ATP-CP. It is when you do high intensity exercise. You have Creatine Phosphate stored in small amounts in your muscles. This is the energy that gives you the initial burst of energy. Say if you had to run across the room really fast..this is what allows you to do it. It is normally no more than the first 30 seconds of exercise. It is considered anaerobic because it does not require oxygen.
The Lactic Acid System
These last two systems are considered glycolysis. The Lactic acid system is also called anaerobic glycolysis. The difference between the two is whether or not oxygen is available. In this system, oxygen is not present. It starts off with carbohydrates (glucose) degrading and turning into pyruvic acid. since there is no oxygen the pyruvic acid turns into lactic acid. This is the burn that you feel in your muscles. It also is associated with fatigue. The energy it provides is maximal and last from 1 minute after the onset of exercise to about 3 minutes after the onset.
The Oxygen System
This system starts off the same as the Lactic Acid system. It starts with glucose and turns into pyruvic acid. The difference is that oxygen is present, therefor it is also call aerobic glycolysis. Since oxygen is present, after pyruvic acid it turns to Acetyl Coenzyme A. Then, it enters the Kreb’s cycle and the Electron Transport System. both of these produce ATP which is energy. CO2 is produced and diffused into the blood and exhaled by the lungs. Oxidation also occurs which removes the electrons in the Kreb’s cycle in the form of Hydrogen (H+). These electrons enter the Electron Transport System. This system forms H2O (Water) The H from the Kreb’s cycle and the O2 from what we breathe.
Along this whole way, ATPs are produced. This is what provides energy. This system works after about 3 minutes from the onset of exercise.
These three systems are Carbohydrate Metabolism.
Do you wonder about Fat and Protein Metabolism? I bet you do.
Fat Metabolism
Fat only metabolizes in an aerobic system. Fat can be Beta Oxidized and enter the Kreb’s cycle or enter the electron transport System. both systems produce energy. So yes, you need fat for energy. Here is the kicker. Fat is the slowest to metabolize. In the long run it does produce the most energy but it is definitely the slowest.
Protein Metabolism
Protein metabolism plays a minor role in energy production while at rest. It also only contributes 5-10% of energy during prolonged exercise. It is used mostly under extreme circumstances…e.g. starvation, carbohydrate depletion or an extreme endurance event.
Thanks for the effort everyone. You didn’t get them all so here are the answers.
Jape=James
Muffy=Muffin
Baddet=Blanket
Foop=Food
Dorm=Storm
Copper=Helicopter
Dop=Stop
Matnew=Matthew
Boppy=Diaper
Juice (this one is tricky)=Milk, Juice…pretty much anything that goes in his sippy cup.
CB=TV
Buk=Book
Pie=Grandpa
Meow=Cat
Cool=School
Gape=Grapes
Strawbows=Strawberries
Gree Bees=Green Beans
On (This one is tricky too)=On, Off & Open. We’re working on that one!!
Mee=Monkey
Bas=Back….for example…”bas” with a point to the bouncy chair means put Matthew back and pick ME up.
Bella=Umbrella
Bufly=Butterfly
Dar=Star
Bonus word=Loopba=Yogurt. That one was tough.
I just recently got to my grandma Martha and Bill’s house a few hours ago and I got the urge to write this.
I get to do my music. I have always like rap music since elementary school and it has always been a part of my life.
My top 10 rappers-
1. Busta Rhymes-the originality and sick flow are just unmatchable
2. RZA, GZA, and the rest of Wu-Tang-I have recently started listening to this, and if you can drop sodium dicarbonite in a song and make it flow, you definitely get a top spot.
3. Jurassic 5-more socially aware and conscience, reminds of old style hip hop, true, and created Power in Numbers, one of the few CD’s where I like every single song
4. Lil Wayne-I don’t care, with lyrics such as “I call em April cuz they all fools,” I’m going to like it
5. Mos Def-when it is good, it is some of the best I have ever heard. Notables are Mathematics, Oh No, and Katrina Clap.
6. Cassidy-I wasn’t so sure at first, but then I heard this song (he has two “sides,” The Problem and the Hustler) where he disses himself. After I heard that it was just great.
7. 2pac-the content, and his flow when he is at his best definitely make him a top 10.
8. The Roots-goes along with Mos Def and Dead Prez, same type but not as in your face, the flow is great and they make all their own beats on actual instruments.
9. Jedi Mind Tricks-don’t ask why they chose this name, but if you combine J5 and Wu-Tang you have JMT. Haven’t heard enough to be top 5 though.
10. Dead Prez-good, but 99% of songs are about bad rap or against the government or whatever. A lot of times it is really in your face and sometimes that’s just too much
A kidney is made up of a ureter, a renal pelvis, a medulla, a cortex, a capsule, a juxtamedullary nephron and a cortical nephron. The path of urine drainage starts at the collecting duct. It then proceeds to the papillary duct in the renal pyramid, then to the minor calyx, major calyx, then to the renal pelvis and finally to the ureter and urinary bladder.
Th renal blood supply has 25% cardiac output and is 1200 ml/min. There are two arterioles and two capillary beds. The arterioles are resistance vessels. The capillary beds are glomerular and peritubular.
Functions of the Kidneys:
The kidney functions to regulate blood ionic composition, blood pH, blood volume and blood pressure. It also maintains blood osmolarity and hormone production. Regulation of blood glucose and excretion of wastes are also parts of the kidney functions. Blood ionic composition is regulated by electrolyte balance. Blood pH is regulated by acid-base balance. The regulation of blood volume and blood pressure is regulated by body fluid volume and the Renin pathway. Hormones produced are Renin, Aldosterone, ADH, Calcitrol and EPO. Blood glucose is regulated by glutamine and GNG. Finally, wastes secreted are metabolites, drugs, excess water and solutes.
There are four phases of digestion; interdigestive, dephalic, gastric and intestinal. Interdigestion: The digestive tract is quiet. The low pH in the stomach inhibits gastrin secretion and stimulates somatostatin secretion. Sematostatin inhibits gastrin and HCl secretion. Gastrin stimulates the production of HCl.
Cephalic refers to the sight, smell and taste of food activating the vagal efferents. Ach stimulates secretion of HCl, pepsinogen, gastrin, and of pancreatic enzymes. There is inhibition of somatostatin and some pancreatic juice enters the jejunum.
Gastric digestion is the stomach working. It has the highest acid secretion and the highest plasma gastrin. Peptides and amino acids stimulate gastrin secretion. Partially digested food acts as a good buffer. The entry of food stimulates mechano- and chemoreceptors in the stomach wall. Vagus and enteric nervous system active. Enteric causes peristalsis.
Intestinal: amino acids, peptides and digested fats stimulate the release of CCK which slows the entry of the chyme, stimulates pancreatic juice and bite release. The gastric inhibitory peptide decreases stomach secretions, motility and emptying. As food leaves the stomach, less buffers are available which makes the pH decrease. Gastrin is inhibited and somatostatin increases. The low pH stimulates the secretion of secretin which stimulates the flow of pancreatic juice and inhibits the secretion of gastric juice. Secretion and CCK enhance the secretion of digestive enzymes from the pancreas and bite salts from the gall bladder. Digested foods feedback into the stomach and inhibits gastric acid production.
Neural and Hormonal Regulation of Digestion:
Neural Regulation:
In the Enteric Nervous System, chemoreseptors, mechanoreceptors and osmoreceptors stimulate the nerve plexus.
The Parasympathetic Nervous System (PSNS) is stimulated by chemoreceptors, mechanoreceptors and osmoreceptors. The PSNS stimulates the nerve plexus which stimulates gland or smooth muscle. The PSNS can act independently from stimuli coming from receptors in the GI tract.
Hormonal Regulation:
Gastrin is stimulated by an increase in amino acids and PSNS. It stimulates the HCl secretion, gastric juice secretion and motility in the small and large intestine. It relaxes the pyloric sphincter and constricts esophageal sphincter from preventing entry.
Cholecystokinin (CCK) is stimulated by amino acids and free fatty acids in the small intestine. It stimulates the secretion of pancreatic enzymes and the release of bile. It inhibits HCl. (Buffer)
Secretin is stimulated by acid in the small intestine. It secretes pancreatic juice and produces bile.
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